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From a pilot's point of view, every aircraft comes from the factory with a checklist of things to look at specifically before every flight to ensure airworthiness. It's generally called a walk-around inspection, checking flight controls for security and condition, tire condition, engine for obvious problems. propeller, fuel and oil quantities. and many other things. The walk around also includes checking to ensure all required paperwork is there including weight and balance, airworthiness certificate, aircraft registration, operator's manual. etc. I would also check the log book to verify the transponder check was done within the past 24 months and the annual or 100 hour inspection is current. From an A&P mechanic point of view much the same applies, however I would look much closer at the maintenance logs for engine and airframe.
Usually, once you have a private pilot certificate you would go for an instructor rating and work as a flight instructor to build flight time (while making money). Along the way you could also be working on your commercial, multi engine, and air transport pilot ratings and certificates. It takes time to get into the airlines, mostly because you need to build flight time and experience. Even when you first break into the airlines the pay is kind of pathetic, but it builds quickly over time.
Technically is you are flying domestic you are not flying over foreign airspace. If flying IFR you must file one. Needless to say when filing a flight plan you must decalre if you are domestic of international flight.
There are some speed limits for certain types of airspace. Airliners are always in contact with air traffic control and in order to keep the required separation of aircraft sometimes the controllers will ask the pilot to maintain an airspeed. More than likely you experienced a slowdown while your plane was beginning an approach, During approach controllers have to maintain specific spacing between aircraft and often must slow them down behind slower aircraft. Your plane very likely was slowing down from approx 570 knots to 250 knots or less for the approach.
Not sure that statement is always true, but:
o Turboprops are generally less expensive, which means that they have a wider market of potential buyers. Look at aircraft like King Airs and TBM and Pilatus - all used as corporate aircraft, but also often owner flown and within the reach of the non-corporate buyer.
o Turboprops are typically much less expensive to operate. The fuel burn is much MUCH less. The insurance is much less, and that insurance usually does not require a two-person flight crew.
Basically, pure jets (Citations and on up) usually go faster, go higher (out of weather), and cost more to own and operate.
The entire weight of the aircraft is being supported by the wings. Longer wings are designed to bend upwards to support that weight. Due to the curvature of the wings (more curved on top and flatter on bottom) there is low pressure on the top of the wings and higher pressure under the wings. So the wings are actually pulled up into the air by the low pressure over the top of them.
Aircraft too heavy. Weight is extremely valuable/expensive and the weight of a parachute system would be too heavy and costly, sacrificing room for paying passengers.
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